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A Guide to Different Types of Beer

By January 16, 2024May 8th, 2024Education
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Exploring
the World of Beer

A Guide to Different
Types and Their
Ingredients

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To some consumers, beer is just beer. However, delving into the ingredients and types of beer on the market can enrich your enjoyment of beer and change how you view the beverage. After all, there are many incredible flavors to enjoy, with innovative home brewing techniques and beer industry facts that will blow your mind and keep you on your toes the next time you crack open a cold one.

craft-beer

If you’re keen to learn more and explore the world of beer with us, raise a glass as we’re about to dive into the tasty types of beer available and the ingredients that make them so unique.

The Basics: Common Ingredients in Beer

Although many different types of beer are available and have a spectrum of qualities, common ingredients cross over into each type to produce the quintessential taste of beer. Let’s consider each essential beer ingredient;

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Water-drops - logo

Water

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Malt/grains

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Hops - logo

Hops

Yeast-logo

Yeast

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Water

Water is the foundation of every beer and holds many vital roles in the production process, such as;

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Malt/grains: The Backbone of Flavor and Sweetness

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Barley

Barley

Wheat

Wheat

Corn

Corn

Rye

Rye

Malt is an essential ingredient in beer making, referring to when grains have undergone malting. Cereal grains such as barley, wheat, corn, and rye are dried and germinated with malting.

The process sees grains submerged in water, initiating germination. When germination occurs, enzymes are activated, kicking off the starch conversion into sugars.

This transformation must occur, as fermentable sugars are needed for yeast to convert into alcohol during fermentation.

grains soaked in water
dark-&-pale-malts

Once germination has occurred, grains are dried using hot air, preventing further germination and preserving sugars created. Different drying levels and temperatures affect the malt’s flavor and color.

Pale malts are produced when lower temperatures are applied, delivering lighter colors and milder flavors. On the other hand, darker malts are created with higher temperatures and take much longer to dry to produce more decadent flavors and deeper colors.

When malted, grains are milled, causing the outer husk to crack and expose the starchy interior, perfect for brewing due to increased accessibility. Next, the milled malt is mixed with hot water in a process known as mashing, which allows the enzymes to convert the starches into fermentable sugars. The liquid produced is known as wort and is the basis for beer production.

Malt's Role in Beer Making

Malt has many roles that make it an essential part of the beer-making process. Let’s take a look at each of these;

Hops: Adding Bitterness, Aroma, and Balance

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Hops are flowers from the Humulus lupulus plant and are fundamental to beer making. Let’s take a look at their contribution;

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Hop's Role in Beer Making

Yeast: The Magic Behind Fermentation and
Alcohol Production

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Without yeast, beer would not exist how we know and love it. The microorganism is a fungus responsible for fermentation, which converts sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide, a crucial role in the beer-making process.

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Yeast's Role in Beer Making

Fermentation

Yeast is added to the wort during brewing, creating extracted liquid from malted grains. From here, yeast consumes the fermentable sugars in the liquid and converts them into alcohol and carbon dioxide. This process is known as fermentation, and the metabolic activity of the yeast provides beer with its alcohol content.

Fermentation-process

Yeast consumes sugars in the liquid
and creates alcohol and CO2.

Flavor and Aroma

Similar to hops, different yeast strains can produce different flavors. From spicy flavor profiles to estery, fruity, and phenolic notes, brewers can achieve multiple aromas when using various yeast strains. Overall, selecting a specific yeast strain will significantly impact a beer’s flavor due to fermentation by-products, such as higher alcohols and esters.

Flavor and Aroma-yeast

Carbonation

Carbon dioxide is released as a by-product during fermentation, with yeast playing a role in the carbonating process. As beer is contained in sealed environments, like kegs or bottles, carbon dioxide dissolves into the liquid, which creates carbonation. As a result, consumers can enjoy beer’s sensory, bubbly mouthfeel experience.

Carbonation

Clarification

Yeast is also fundamental to clearing (clarification) beer. Flocculation occurs once the liquid has fermented, in which yeast cells sink to the bottom of the fermentation vessel, forming a sediment layer called trub.

Brewers can separate the beer from the trub with conditioning processes that produce a more transparent and aesthetically pleasing end product.

Clarification

Alcohol Tolerance and Attenuation

Different yeast strains can withstand varying levels of alcohol during fermentation, which affects the alcohol content of the beer. In addition to alcohol tolerance, yeast can produce different attenuation levels, referring to its ability to leave residual sweetness in the beer or completely ferment sugars.

It’s advised that brewers select yeast strains to align with their goals, whether they aim for a sweet or dry finish to their beer.

Repitching and Propagation

Consistency can be maintained by reusing yeast from previous batches, using a process known as repitching. This process saves costs, and the yeast can also be propagated to provide adequate supplies to complete brewing operations efficiently.

Repitching and Propagation

Lagers: Crisp and Refreshing

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Lager is a type of beer that is fermented and conditioned at low temperatures, favored by consumers for its crisp, clean, and refreshing flavor. Below, we’ll cover some of the main characteristics of lager beer:

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Types of Lagers

There are many types of lager consumers enjoy.
Let’s consider the most popular;

Ales: Rich and Flavorful

Warmer temperatures are used to ferment ale beer, with top-fermenting yeast strains known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae used. Ales are popular because of the diverse flavors, appearances, and aromas offered. Here are a few notables characteristics and features of ale beer:

Fermentation

As top-fermenting yeast strains are used for ale fermentation, yeast rises to the top of the fermentation vessel as temperatures reach 15-24°C (59-75°F).

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The rising of the yeast is why these strains get the name ‘top-fermenting’ yeasts.

Flavor Profile

Ales are incredibly versatile, with a broad flavor and aroma, accommodating a range of tastes and preferences. In contrast to lagers, ales have more obvious fruity, spicey, and estery notes that add to their innovative flavor palettes. As ales are fermented at higher temperatures, various flavor compounds can be produced for more diverse and complex taste results.

Flavor Profile-ales

Temperature and Maturation

Ales have a faster fermentation process than lagers, as there isn’t a need for cold temperatures, with fermenting and conditioning procedures delivered at warmer temperatures. Once fermented, ales have a short conditioning period for flavor development, using temperatures slightly cooler than in fermentation.

Temperature and Maturation-ales

Color and Clarity

Ales have various shades, with stouts and porters providing dark browns and blacks and pale ales delivering golden, amber hues. Sometimes, ale can have a hazy appearance as yeast particles can suspend, but some ales have excellent and evident clarity.

Color and Clarity-ales

Carbonation and Mouthfeel

Ales provide a lively mouthfeel due to the moderate to high carbonation levels apparent in the drink. Of course, mouthfeels vary depending on the style of ale, with some versions having creamy and rich finishes and others having light and crisp touches.

Carbonation and Mouthfeel

Types of Ale

Ales come in various finishes. Let’s take a look at the most
popular types enjoyed globally;

Wheat Beers:
Fruity and Spicy

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Known as weissbier and witbier, wheat beer gets its name because it’s brewed with a high quantity of wheat, along with malted barley. Wheat beers are hugely popular with a hazy appearance, distinctly refreshing finish, and unique flavors. Here are some reasons behind their popularity and critical features:

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Wheat Content
Wheat Content

With substantial malted wheat and malted barley used to produce wheat beers, a high quantity of wheat is present, giving this type of beer a distinct flavor compared to traditional beer styles.

The proportion of wheat used varies from 30% – 70%.

Wheat Content
Appearance

Wheat beers vary from pale to golden shades, usually hazy due to suspended yeast and proteins, providing a distinct visual cloudy appeal.

Wheat Content
Aroma and Flavor
  • Wheat beers provide a versatile flavor and aroma range that differ depending on the beer’s specific style. Here are some common characteristics:
  • Fruity and Estery: Wheat beers have fruity esters yeast produces during fermentation. These esters have banana, bubblegum, and clove notes and sometimes citrus or tropical fruit aromas.
  • Spicy and Phenolic: Spicy flavors are produced using specific yeast strains during brewing. Spicy flavors include pepper, clove, and smokey notes, creating a unique tasting experience.
  • Wheat Tanginess: As the quantity of wheat is so high, the beer has a tanginess that pairs well with its thirst-quenching and refreshing quality.
Wheat Content
Carbonation & Mouthfeel

Wheat beers have moderate to high carbonation levels that result in bubbly, lively mouthfeels. As carbonation is combined with wheat, flavors are enhanced to deliver this drink’s refreshing, crisp nature.

Wheat Content

Types of Wheat Beer

Wheat beer has several popular types:

Specialty Beers:
Unique and Adventurous

Specialty beers account for many beer styles that push the boundaries of traditional flavors, ingredients, and brewing techniques. The result? Innovative, unique brews that stand out from competitors. Here are a few examples of specialty beer styles:

Fruit Beer
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fruit-beer

Fruit beers are created by incorporating fruit extracts or fruits during brewing, either in the fermenting, aging, or flavoring processes. A broad spectrum of flavors, such as raspberry ale, apricot wheat beer, or cherry beer, can be used.

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Barrel-Aged Beer
Barrel-Aged Beer

As the name suggests, these beers are aged in wooden barrels, which may have had previous uses for aging spirits like whiskey and wine. With aging, unique flavors can take action due to remnants of prior spirit storage.

Barrel-Aged Beer
Sour Beer

Certain bacteria and wild yeast strains are intentionally introduced in fermentation to produce sour beer’s tart, acidic taste. These sour beer styles include Lambic beers, Gose, and Berliner Weisse.

Lambic beers
LAMBIC BEERS
Gose
GOSE
Berliner Weisse
BERLINER WEISSE
Smoked Beer

Rauchbier is a traditional German-style beer with smokey flavoring due to malted barley being smoked over an open flame.

Other smoked beers have a similar approach, where malt is dried or smoked over open flames, delivering a distinct smokiness.

German- Rauchbier
German: Rauchbier
Spiced or Herb-infused Beer
Spiced or Herb-infused Beer

This beer adds spices and herbs to create unique flavors and aromas that push traditional beer boundaries. Flavor examples include spiced chai beer, pumpkin ale, and beers infused with beloved herbs such as basil and rosemary.

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Experimental IPAs

Indian Pale Ales provide brewers an excellent opportunity to unleash creative processes and experiment with hops to produce unique IPAs. From using dry-hopping techniques to combining hops for innovative flavor profiles, IPAs are a great route to take regarding creativity. Examples include New England IPAs (NEIPAs), Double IPAs, and Black IPAs.

Pale Ales
Belgian Strong Ale
Belgian Strong Ale

Belgian ales have higher alcohol content than many other ale versions, with rich malt profiles and unique flavors. Often, strong Belgian ales have spicy phenols and fruity esters that can deliver various styles and results, with popular examples being Belgian Quadrupel and Belgian Tripel.

Historical or Revived Beer Styles

Breweries can create specialty beers to revive traditional renditions and historical styles. While these types of beer aren’t the most popular, there are examples, such as historical British Ales like Burton Ale and revived farmhouse ales like Saison.

Burton
BURTON
Saison
SAISON

Pairing Beer and Food: Enhancing the
Experience

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It’s common for beer to be enjoyed alongside food, with various flavors complimenting food groups and bringing different notes to life.

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Understanding Beer Flavors
and Food Interactions

Flavor Profiles of Beer
FLAVOR PROFILES OF BEER

You can find a beer flavor that suits your taste, as there is such a diverse selection available, from hoppy and bitter to malty and sweet and even tart flavors. You can also find innovative flavors incorporating complex aromas such as spices and earthy notes. Understanding the flavor profile of the beer you choose will help you identify which food it will pair with the best.

Flavor Profiles of Beer
COMPLEMENT OR CONTRAST

You can either complement the flavors of your food by selecting a beer with similar flavors or create contrast by choosing an opposing taste that makes an exciting flavor combination. More decadent foods go well with beers with a heavy flavor, whereas sweeter, lighter dishes go well with light lagers.

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Avoid strong beer with light dishes
CONSIDER INTENSITY

Each type of beer and food will have varying levels of intensity to consider.

For example, if you’re eating a light dish such as salad or seafood, pairing this with an intensely flavored, high-alcohol beer won’t be the best option.

On the other hand, if you’re tucking into a fragrant, heavily spiced meal, you should select a beer with the intensity to cut through these flavors and hold its own.

BALANCE AND REFRESHMENT

As beer is a carbonated drink, often with a bitter taste, it can refresh the palate and cleanse fatty and rich foods out of the mouth.

Finding a beer with a good level of bitterness will help to cut through the richness and refresh the tastebuds for a more enjoyable, balanced meal experience.

beer-refreshment

General Guidelines for Beer
and Food Pairing

Complement or Contrast
Match Intensity
MATCH INTENSITY

The best way to pair beer and food is by considering the intensity of both. Lighter dishes generally pair best with milder beers, whereas flavorful, bold food can hold itself against stronger beers.

MATCH INTENSITY

The best way to pair beer and food is by considering the intensity of both. Lighter dishes generally pair best with milder beers, whereas flavorful, bold food can hold itself against stronger beers.

Match Intensity
COMPLEMENT OR CONTRAST

Your personal preference will help determine if you’d rather have a contrasting or complementary tasting experience when drinking beer while enjoying a meal.

To complement each other, you should select flavors that blend together and bring out the best in each other, the way malty beer can enhance roasted meats or citrusy beer with seafood.

To contrast, pair flavors that balance each other out, such as spicy food, with a hoppy beer that mellows the intensity.

malty beer

MALTY BEER

roasted meats

ROASTED MEATS

Flavors that complement and enhance.

CONSIDER THE BEER'S AROMAS

Aromas are another element of a beer that interacts with how food tastes. If your beer has fruity, floral, or spicy aromas, it can join forces with specific dishes and enhance the flavors, whereas herbal or earthy aromas are best with savory dishes.

BALANCE RICHNESS AND REFRESHMENT

As beer is a carbonated drink, it can cut through rich flavors and refresh the palate.

It’s best to combine rich or fatty dishes with bitter beers to achieve this effect for a balanced, refreshing delivery.

Balance Richness and Refreshment
REGIONAL PAIRINGS
German lagers with sausages

German lagers with sausages

As beer has a deep history in various cultures, regional and traditional pairings stand out. For instance, German lagers are excellent with sausages, and Belgian ales pair well with mussels.

Belgian ales mussels

Belgian ales mussels

REGIONAL PAIRINGS

As beer has a deep history in various cultures, regional and traditional pairings stand out. For instance, German lagers are excellent with sausages, and Belgian ales pair well with mussels.

German lagers with sausages

German lagers with sausages

Belgian ales mussels

Belgian ales mussels

EXPERIMENT AND HAVE FUN

As we all have unique tastes, there’s no harm in getting creative and trying various combinations to find the one that suits you best. Go where your tastebuds take you to find food and beer pairings that hit the right spot.

Examples of
Successful Beer and
Food Combinations

IPA with Spicy Foods
IPA WITH SPICY FOODS

IPAs have distinct bitterness and citrusy flavors due to the hop content, complementing spicy dishes like Indian curries, Mexican cuisine, and buffalo wings.

IPA with Spicy Foods
Belgian Tripel with Creamy Cheeses
BELGIAN TRIPEL WITH CREAMY CHEESES

Creamy cheeses such as camembert, brie, and gouda pair well with fruity, spicy flavors that cut through the richness. Belgian Tripel is a great example.

Belgian Tripel with Creamy Cheeses
Stout with Chocolate Desserts
STOUT WITH CHOCOLATE DESSERTS

As stout provides a roasted, chocolatey flavor, the drink pairs well with sweet treats and desserts such as chocolate cake, brownies, and chocolate mousse.

Stout with Chocolate Desserts-2
PILSNER WITH SEAFOOD

Pilsner has beautiful crisp, clean flavors that compliment lighter seafood dishes, from seafood salad to shrimp and grilled fish.

Pilsner with Seafood
wheat-beer
WHEAT BEER WITH
SALADS OR LIGHTER FARE

Wheat beer (witbier etc.) has citrusy, refreshing notes that go well with grilled vegetables, light seafood, and fresh salads.

grilled-vegetables
Porter with Barbecue
PORTER WITH BARBECUE

Porter provides smoky, rich caramel notes that combine beautifully with barbecue dishes, from pulled pork to ribs to grilled burgers.

Saison with Farmhouse Cuisine
SAISON WITH FARMHOUSE CUISINE

Saison has invigorating spicy, fruity, and earthy flavors that team up with farmhouse-inspired dishes, including rustic vegetables, herbed goat cheese, and roasted chicken beautifully.

Saison with Farmhouse Cuisine
Pale-Ale-with-Burgers-or-Pizza
PALE ALE WITH BURGERS OR PIZZA

Pale ales have a balanced profile of bitter hops and sweet malts that can hold their own against well-rounded flavors from burgers and pizzas.

AMBER ALE WITH
ROASTED MEATS

Toasted, caramel flavors of amber ales are perfect for pairing with hearty beef stews and roasted meats such as pork loin and roasted chicken.

Amber Ale with Roasted Meats

Conclusion

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The world of beer is a vast market, and there are numerous paths you can take to find your favorite flavor. Whether beer is your drink of choice on a night out or you’re looking for a specific type to accompany your next BBQ, our guide has provided insight into all the most popular options.

Understanding the ingredients of beer can be helpful on your next visit to the store or bar, ensuring you know the difference between a beverage with high malt content or hops and finding the perfect beer that suits your taste.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How many types of beer are there?

There are numerous types of beer, with estimates ranging from over 100 to over 400 different types. The sheer variety of beer types is a result of distinct brewing techniques, ingredients, and regional traditions from around the world. From lagers and ales to stouts and IPAs, beer enthusiasts are continually discovering new and unique styles to explore and enjoy.

What are the main parts of beer?

The main parts of beer include water, malted grains (such as barley), hops, and yeast. These ingredients are combined through the brewing process to create the final product. Additionally, other ingredients such as spices, fruits, and even additional grains can be added to create different flavors and styles of beer.

What's the difference between beer and ale?

Beer and ale are different in their brewing process and yeast used. Beer is a general term that includes various fermented alcoholic beverages, including ales. Ales are a specific type of beer brewed with top-fermenting yeast and higher temperatures for quicker fermentation. Ales have higher alcohol content, fuller body, and a fruity or estery flavor profile. On the other hand, lagers are a different type of beer using bottom-fermenting yeast and lower temperatures for slower fermentation. Lagers have a longer fermentation period and a lighter, crisper taste. In summary, the main difference between beer and ale is the yeast used and resulting flavor.

What does IBU indicate in beer?

IBU stands for International Bitterness Units. It is a measurement used to quantify the bitterness of beer. The higher the IBU, the more bitter the beer will taste.

What is ABV and how does it affect beer's taste?

ABV stands for Alcohol By Volume, which is the measurement of the alcohol content in a beverage. It is typically expressed as a percentage.

  • ABV affects the beer’s taste by providing a stronger or more intense alcohol flavor.
  • Higher ABV beers tend to have a heavier, warming sensation and can carry a stronger alcohol taste.
  • Lower ABV beers may have a lighter, more refreshing taste with less noticeable alcohol presence.

What is the most popular type of beer?

The most popular type of beer varies depending on the region and personal preferences. However, globally, lagers tend to be the most popular type of beer. Lagers are known for their crisp and refreshing taste, and they are often preferred by beer drinkers worldwide. Some popular examples of lagers include brands like Budweiser, Heineken, and Coors.

What type of beer is Budweiser?

Budweiser is a popular American lager beer.

What type of beer is Corona?

Corona is a brand of Mexican beer known as a pale lager. It is typically light in color, has a mild taste, and is often served with a wedge of lime to enhance the flavor.

What is the original type of beer?

The original type of beer is believed to be an ancient fermented beverage made from cereal grains, such as barley, wheat, or corn. It dates back thousands of years to ancient civilizations, such as the Sumerians and Egyptians, who first discovered the brewing process. However, the specific original type or recipe of beer is unclear, as brewing techniques and ingredients have evolved and diversified over time.

What is the smoothest type of beer?

The smoothest type of beer can vary depending on personal preference, but generally, beers like lagers or cream ales are known for their smoothness. These beers typically have a lighter flavor and a smoother mouthfeel, making them easier to drink and enjoy. However, it’s important to note that taste can be subjective, and what one person finds smooth, another may not. Ultimately, it’s best to try different types of beers to discover your own preferred level of smoothness.